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DRY EYES

What Is Dry Eye?

Dry eye occurs when the eyes don’t produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly due to poor tear quality. This often happens because of eyelid inflammation and is one of the most common reasons people visit an eye specialist.

Each blink spreads a thin tear film across the eye. When any layer of this tear film is affected, dryness and discomfort begin.

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SYMPTOMS:

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Burning or irritation

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Redness

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Excessive watering (reflex tearing)

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Grittiness or foreign-body sensation

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Blurred or fluctuating vision

Why Tears Become Insufficient

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Reduced tear production

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Poor tear quality

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Eyelid inflammation

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Meibomian gland blockage

What Causes Tear Evaporation?

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Windy environments or dry air (AC, flights)

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Prolonged screen use or reading

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Eyelid abnormalities

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Meibomian gland dysfunction

What Are the Complications?

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Eye inflammation

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Corneal surface damage

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Corneal ulcers

How Dry Eye Is Diagnosed

An ophthalmologist evaluates both the quality and quantity of tears and examines the eyelids. With modern imaging, each layer of the tear film can be assessed to identify the exact cause of dryness for targeted treatment.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on managing inflammation, improving tear quality, and reducing tear loss. In some cases, underlying conditions (e.g., arthritis) or medications may contribute and need to be addressed. Your doctor will personalise treatment based on the type of dry eye you have.

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